• AR-M 1896 More recently several groups have characterized a

  2022-04-16

  

  More recently, several groups have characterized a role for GPR120 signaling via omega-3 fatty acids in amelioration of alcoholic hepatic injury and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [18], [19]. Nakamoto et al. demonstrated protective effects of the omega-3 fatty AR-M 1896 docosahexaenoic ac

• br Discovery of GPR A The murine niacin receptor

  2022-04-16

  

  Discovery of GPR109A The murine niacin receptor, protein upregulated in macrophages by interferon-γ (PUMA-G), was identified as a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) expressed in adipocytes and spleen [22], [23]. This finding suggested a role of this receptor in macrophage function [24]. In 2003, t

• Introduction Nicotinic acid niacin NA has been used in the

  2022-04-16

  

  Introduction Nicotinic TRAM 39 (niacin, NA) has been used in the treatment of dislipidemia and cardiovascular disease for almost 60years (Offermanns, 2006). Large clinical studies showed that niacin alone or in combination with LDL-lowering drugs improved cardiovascular outcomes (Canner et al., 19

• Acknowledgements This work is partially

  2022-04-16

  

  Acknowledgements This work is partially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(81273353), and the National Science & Technology Key Projects of China (2009ZX09103-085). Glyoxalase I (GLO I) is a key enzyme in the pathways leading to glutathione (GSH)-mediated detoxification of meth

• br Conclusion br Conflict of interest

  2022-04-16

  

  Conclusion Conflict of interest statement References and recommended reading Papers of particular interest, published within the period of review, have been highlighted as Introduction Over the past decade, more than a hundred new biopharmaceutical products have been approved and market

• Next we asked how a

  2022-04-15

  

  Next, we asked how a common activation marker of fibroblasts, Acta2, defined gene expression signatures in alveolar airspaces by using Acta2-mKO1 reporter mice (Fig. 2A). In the lungs of Acta2-mKO1 mice, mKO1 was expressed in smooth muscle cells and mesenchymal cells in Colchicine (Fig. 2B). By sor

• It was recently reported that aged GHSR

  2022-04-15

  

  It was recently reported that aged GHSR−/− mice, in addition to showing alterations in meal pattern microstructure, exhibit NPY and AgRP mRNA upregulation in the ARC [56]. After an overnight fast, our animals exhibited a similar pattern of upregulated NPY and AgRP mRNA expression. Given that GHSR1a

• Ulimorelin also known as TPZ is a macrocyclic molecule that

  2022-04-15

  

  Ulimorelin, also known as TPZ101, is a macrocyclic molecule that is a potent agonist of the ghrelin receptor (Hoveyda et al., 2011). Due to its ability to stimulate gastrointestinal motility, ulimorelin has been evaluated as a possible treatment in gastroparesis (Ejskjaer et al., 2010), ileus (Frase

• br Presenilins in protein trafficking proteolysis

  2022-04-15

  

  Presenilins in protein trafficking, proteolysis and degradation An obvious explanation for the role of presenilins and γ-secretase in protein trafficking and degradation is that many reported γ-secretase substrates are functionally involved in protein transport. For example, members of the mammal

• br Ethics approval br Availability

  2022-04-15

  

  Ethics approval Availability of data and materials Consent for publication Competing interests Authors contributions Introduction Glucose supply to tissues is maintained through a complex regulatory network mostly driven by the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon which control

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-04-15

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion The COMPASS family of histone methyltransferases exhibits HMT activity towards histone 3 lysine 4 residue with KMT2F and KMT2G being the major H3K4 methylases (Shilatifard, 2006). They play an important role in the formation and progression of leukem

• br Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by N

  2022-04-15

  

  Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by National Science Center Poland grant No DEC-2011/02/A/NZ4/00031 (KKK), Jagiellonian University Medical College (Poland) grants: K/ZDS/007130 (SM) and K/ZDS/007131 (SM), COST Action CA15135 (DŁ, HS, KKK) and DFG INST 208/664-1 FUGG (HS). Than

• There is evidence for an adverse

  2022-04-14

  

  There is evidence for an adverse sympatho-stimulatory effect in the medulla oblongata mediated by the α1/β1 isoform, implying a possible benefit of selective α2/β1 activation [19]. While the stimulator BAY 41–2272 increases NO-sensitivity of both isoforms [20], a prevalence of the α1/β1 isoform comp

• Introduction In the s nitric oxide NO was first characterize

  2022-04-14

  

  Introduction In the 1980s, nitric oxide (NO) was first characterized as critical to both innate immunity and endogenous signaling in animals [[1], [2], [3], [4], [5]]. NO was the first gaseous signaling molecule synthesized by animals to have its biochemical signaling pathway fully described [2]. P

• The absolute requirement for substrate prephosphorylation ra

  2022-04-14

  

  The absolute requirement for substrate prephosphorylation raised the possibility that short phosphorylated peptides might serve as selective substrate competitive inhibitors. A set of phosphorylated peptides patterned after known GSK-3 substrates was generated and shown to inhibit GSK-3 in vitro in

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