• Atg cleaves Atg at the peptide bond on

  2019-07-08

  

  Atg4 cleaves Atg8 at the peptide bond on the glycine residue at the C-terminus, thus allowing the conjugation of Atg8 to phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) with the participation of other autophagy molecules. Atg4 can also serve as a deconjugating enzyme, which cleaves the amide bond of the conjugated At

• In astrocytes mitogen activated protein

  2019-07-08

  

  In astrocytes, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are activated after OGD-induced ischemic injury (Yung and Tolkovsky, 2003, Niu et al., 2009) and they regulate induction of AQP expression (Arima et al., 2003, McCoy and Sontheimer, 2010). It is well known that MAPKs, including extracellular s

• The imbalance that renders greater lipid uptake

  2019-07-05

  

  The imbalance that renders greater lipid uptake toxic is unclear, but the comparison of our in vitro studies with those in mice illustrates the importance of TAG storage versus accumulation of less non-polar molecules. Protective effects of ACSL1 and PPARγ have been reported in other cell types. Par

• br Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin

  2019-07-05

  

  Significance Our understanding of the ubiquitin biology has been rapidly expanding. The role of the ubiquitin system in the pathogenesis of numerous disease states has increased the interest in finding new strategies to pharmacologically interfere with the enzymes responsible of the ubiquitinatio

• br Results and Discussion br

  2019-07-05

  

  Results and Discussion Conclusions Based on their common NTP pyrophosphatase activity, similar size of the catalytic domains, and the conservation of glutamate residues, it was assumed previously that the MazG and HisE families were related to MutT and other Nudix family hydrolases (see Zhang

• Recent studies have shown arsenic could cause autophagic cel

  2019-07-05

  

  Recent studies have shown arsenic could cause autophagic cell death in malignant cells, including leukemia and malignant glioma Ristocetin A sulfate [16], [17]. However, at present, little is known about the consequences of arsenic-treated urothelial cells in autophagy and expression of its related

• Plants Cp are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and

  2019-07-05

  

  Plants Cp are widely distributed in the plant kingdom and are believed to act as virulence/defense factors for both hosts and pathogens. Cp are also found in plants, animals and bacteria and are known to be virulence factors involved in bacterial pathogenicity [29]. Further, Cp are involved in pepti

• br Model parameterization br Results

  2019-07-05

  

  Model parameterization Results and discussion Conclusion Following an approach previously proposed for SAFT-VR model, we have used PR-CPA EoS without explicitly accounting for the reactions for the modeling of CO2 and H2S-water-alkanolamine solutions. The reactions between acid gases and wa

• In the particular case of metals several authors showed that

  2019-07-05

  

  In the particular case of metals, several authors showed that AChE inhibition is somewhat contradictory and even questionable (Frasco et al., 2005, Nunes et al., 2005, Sáenz et al., 2010). Uranium is a particular metal, and one that has been shown to complex with several biologically important prote

• The results of physical parameters of the prepared

  2019-07-05

  

  The results of physical parameters of the prepared samples are summarized in Table 2. The equivalent diameter ranged from 1.09 to 1.14 mm, which is within the required size distribution of 0.8–1.25 mm. A slight increase in size is probably caused by increasing the thickness of the second coat. To d

• Bufalin br Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans CSPGs are

  2019-07-05

  

  Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are major components of the extracellular matrix in cartilage. Each CSPG comprises a single core protein and attached chondroitin sulfate (CS), belonging to the glycosaminoglycan family of sugar chains. CSPGs and CS are involved in numerous biological and

• Previous study showed that CXCR

  2019-07-04

  

  Previous study showed that CXCR plays an important role in viral infection and that CXCR1, as an important molecule in CXCR, also plays important roles in viral pathogenesis [[39], [40], [41], [42]]. In mammals, CXCR1 plays an important role in resisting viral infection [43,44], and CXCR1 plays an i

• br CXCR The CXC receptor and

  2019-07-04

  

  CXCR1/2 The CXC receptor 1 and 2 (CXCR1 and CXCR2) have been well characterised in vertebrates. In mammals and birds, the two receptors are shared by the ELR+ CXC ligands, namely the CXCL8 family members that have proinflammatory roles in recruitment of neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages to s

• Damage of PE HD due to

  2019-07-04

  

  Damage of PE-HD due to both mechanisms is usually considered to emerge from a local stress concentration in the material, leading to the initiation of a crack, which subsequently propagates further through the material, and finally leads to macroscopic failure. In this process, crack growth occurs o

• br Iterative design approach overview An iterative design

  2019-07-04

  

  Iterative design approach overview An iterative design strategy is used to identify a peptidase-resistant reporter that acts as an efficient substrate for kinases in cell lysates as well as intact cells (Fig. 1). In this process, small-scale, rationally designed libraries are used to screen pepti

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